control.InputOutputSystem¶
- class control.InputOutputSystem(params=None, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
NamedIOSystem
A class for representing input/output systems.
The InputOutputSystem class allows (possibly nonlinear) input/output systems to be represented in Python. It is intended as a parent class for a set of subclasses that are used to implement specific structures and operations for different types of input/output dynamical systems.
- Parameters
inputs (int, list of str, or None) – Description of the system inputs. This can be given as an integer count or a list of strings that name the individual signals. If an integer count is specified, the names of the signal will be of the form s[i] (where s is one of u, y, or x). If this parameter is not given or given as None, the relevant quantity will be determined when possible based on other information provided to functions using the system.
outputs (int, list of str, or None) – Description of the system outputs. Same format as inputs.
states (int, list of str, or None) – Description of the system states. Same format as inputs.
dt (None, True or float, optional) – System timebase. 0 (default) indicates continuous time, True indicates discrete time with unspecified sampling time, positive number is discrete time with specified sampling time, None indicates unspecified timebase (either continuous or discrete time).
name (string, optional) – System name (used for specifying signals). If unspecified, a generic name <sys[id]> is generated with a unique integer id.
params (dict, optional) – Parameter values for the system. Passed to the evaluation functions for the system as default values, overriding internal defaults.
- ninputs, noutputs, nstates
Number of input, output and state variables
- Type
int
- input_index, output_index, state_index
Dictionary of signal names for the inputs, outputs and states and the index of the corresponding array
- Type
dict
- dt¶
System timebase. 0 (default) indicates continuous time, True indicates discrete time with unspecified sampling time, positive number is discrete time with specified sampling time, None indicates unspecified timebase (either continuous or discrete time).
- Type
None, True or float
- params¶
Parameter values for the systems. Passed to the evaluation functions for the system as default values, overriding internal defaults.
- Type
dict, optional
- name¶
System name (used for specifying signals)
- Type
string, optional
Notes
The
InputOuputSystem
class (and its subclasses) makes use of two special methods for implementing much of the work of the class:_rhs(t, x, u): compute the right hand side of the differential or difference equation for the system. This must be specified by the subclass for the system.
_out(t, x, u): compute the output for the current state of the system. The default is to return the entire system state.
Methods
Make a copy of an input/output system
Compute the dynamics of a differential or difference equation.
Feedback interconnection between two input/output systems
Find the index for an input given its name (None if not found)
Find the index for an output given its name (None if not found)
Find the index for a state given its name (None if not found)
Check to see if a system is a continuous-time system
Check to see if a system is a discrete-time system
Check to see if a system is single input, single output
Linearize an input/output system at a given state and input.
Compute the output of the system
Set the number/names of the system inputs.
Set the number/names of the system outputs.
Set the number/names of the system states.
- __truediv__(sys1)[source]¶
Division of input/output systems
Only division by scalars and arrays of scalars is supported
- copy(name=None, use_prefix_suffix=True)[source]¶
Make a copy of an input/output system
A copy of the system is made, with a new name. The name keyword can be used to specify a specific name for the system. If no name is given and use_prefix_suffix is True, the name is constructed by prepending config.defaults[‘namedio.duplicate_system_name_prefix’] and appending config.defaults[‘namedio.duplicate_system_name_suffix’]. Otherwise, a generic system name of the form sys[<id>] is used, where <id> is based on an internal counter.
- dynamics(t, x, u, params=None)[source]¶
Compute the dynamics of a differential or difference equation.
Given time t, input u and state x, returns the value of the right hand side of the dynamical system. If the system is continuous, returns the time derivative
dx/dt = f(t, x, u[, params])
where f is the system’s (possibly nonlinear) dynamics function. If the system is discrete-time, returns the next value of x:
x[t+dt] = f(t, x[t], u[t][, params])
where t is a scalar.
The inputs x and u must be of the correct length. The params argument is an optional dictionary of parameter values.
- Parameters
t (float) – the time at which to evaluate
x (array_like) – current state
u (array_like) – input
params (dict (optional)) – system parameter values
- Returns
dx/dt or x[t+dt]
- Return type
ndarray
- feedback(other=1, sign=-1, params=None)[source]¶
Feedback interconnection between two input/output systems
- Parameters
sys1 (InputOutputSystem) – The primary process.
sys2 (InputOutputSystem) – The feedback process (often a feedback controller).
sign (scalar, optional) – The sign of feedback. sign = -1 indicates negative feedback, and sign = 1 indicates positive feedback. sign is an optional argument; it assumes a value of -1 if not specified.
- Returns
out
- Return type
- Raises
ValueError – if the inputs, outputs, or timebases of the systems are incompatible.
- isctime(strict=False)[source]¶
Check to see if a system is a continuous-time system
- Parameters
sys (Named I/O system) – System to be checked
strict (bool, optional) – If strict is True, make sure that timebase is not None. Default is False.
- isdtime(strict=False)[source]¶
Check to see if a system is a discrete-time system
- Parameters
strict (bool, optional) – If strict is True, make sure that timebase is not None. Default is False.
- linearize(x0, u0, t=0, params=None, eps=1e-06, name=None, copy_names=False, **kwargs)[source]¶
Linearize an input/output system at a given state and input.
Return the linearization of an input/output system at a given state and input value as a StateSpace system. See
linearize()
for complete documentation.
- ninputs¶
Number of system inputs.
- noutputs¶
Number of system outputs.
- nstates¶
Number of system states.
- output(t, x, u, params=None)[source]¶
Compute the output of the system
Given time t, input u and state x, returns the output of the system:
y = g(t, x, u[, params])
The inputs x and u must be of the correct length.
- Parameters
t (float) – the time at which to evaluate
x (array_like) – current state
u (array_like) – input
params (dict (optional)) – system parameter values
- Returns
y
- Return type
ndarray
- set_inputs(inputs, prefix='u')[source]¶
Set the number/names of the system inputs.
- Parameters
inputs (int, list of str, or None) – Description of the system inputs. This can be given as an integer count or as a list of strings that name the individual signals. If an integer count is specified, the names of the signal will be of the form u[i] (where the prefix u can be changed using the optional prefix parameter).
prefix (string, optional) – If inputs is an integer, create the names of the states using the given prefix (default = ‘u’). The names of the input will be of the form prefix[i].
- set_outputs(outputs, prefix='y')[source]¶
Set the number/names of the system outputs.
- Parameters
outputs (int, list of str, or None) – Description of the system outputs. This can be given as an integer count or as a list of strings that name the individual signals. If an integer count is specified, the names of the signal will be of the form u[i] (where the prefix u can be changed using the optional prefix parameter).
prefix (string, optional) – If outputs is an integer, create the names of the states using the given prefix (default = ‘y’). The names of the input will be of the form prefix[i].
- set_states(states, prefix='x')[source]¶
Set the number/names of the system states.
- Parameters
states (int, list of str, or None) – Description of the system states. This can be given as an integer count or as a list of strings that name the individual signals. If an integer count is specified, the names of the signal will be of the form u[i] (where the prefix u can be changed using the optional prefix parameter).
prefix (string, optional) – If states is an integer, create the names of the states using the given prefix (default = ‘x’). The names of the input will be of the form prefix[i].